Sonderkommando Kulmhof

Between 1940 and 1942, Franz Heinrich Bock served as Mayor and Official Commissioner of the Polish village of Poddębice. During this period, he kept a detailed diary documenting his experiences in Nazi occupied Poland, which was later published in 1961 under the pseudonym Alexander Hohenstein, with names of people and places changed (Poddębice became “Poniatowec”). On May 12, 1942, Bock described the visit of an SS officer to Poddębice, who came to oversee the collection of belongings left behind by the deported Jews. During their conversation, the SS officer disclosed that the Jews were killed in “specially constructed trucks” that “quickly and painlessly” kill those inside. The following day, Bock traveled to the Łódź Ghetto Administration to negotiate financial compensation for the deportation.

Wilm Hosenfeld, a German officer stationed in Warsaw during World War II, recounts in a diary entry of 23 July 1942 the actions of the German occupation, particularly the extermination of Jewish communities in occupied and annexed Polish territories. Hosenfeld learned specifically that “From Litzmannstadt and Kutno, it is said that Jews – men, women, and children – are poisoned in mobile gas vans, their clothes stripped from their corpses, and their bodies thrown into mass graves, with the clothing being sent to textile factories for reuse”.

In June and July 1942, the Ghetto Łódź Administration delivered large quantities of chlorinated lime and cement to the Sonderkommando at Kulmhof, according to the invoices addressed to the Secret State Police S[Sonderkommando] and internal correspondence of the administration. The materials were picked up by truck at the loading point at Baluter Ring (Balucki Rynek). For instance , on 21 July 1942 Sonderkommando member Erich Kretschmar confirmed the “receipt of 100 sacks of cement (one hundred) from the warehouse of the Ghetto Administration at Baluterring for the SS special operation”. The chlorinated lime was used to disinfect the mass burial sites, the cement was required for constructing the furnaces used for body disposal.

In March 1942, the Inspector of the Health Service under the Reich Commissary for the Consolidation of German Folk ordered 1,641 kg of chlorinated lime, which was commonly used as a disinfectant. The delivery was processed by Kopernikus Pharmacy in Posen and billed on 31 March 1942. The payment for the shipment, which was unloaded at Warthbrücken, the nearest train station to the Kulmhof extermination camp (Chełmno), was made through the special account of the Ghetto Administration in Litzmannstadt (Łódź Ghetto) through which the extermination camp was funded.

The letter dated 28 August 1942 discusses the transfer of furs confiscated from those murdered in Kulmhof (Chelmno) to the Waffen-SS, a branch of the Nazi military forces. According to the Higher SS and Police Leader in Posen, Wilhelm Koppe, a wagonload of “high-quality furs” had been delivered to Berlin for the benefit of the SS, with expectations of more to follow.